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Instructional Design Activity: Course Design


Your IDA was evaluated by: Ying Liu

Overall Instructor Rating: Satisfactory

Ratings explanation:

  • Exemplary - A model answer in almost every way (this is given out very rarely).
  • Satisfactory - Very well done; you've met the expectations of the assignment. There are some minor problems, so read my feedback well.
  • Marginal Pass - You pass, but there are lots of issues to consider. Read my feedback very carefully and be sure you understand the points/issues I raise.
  • Not satisfactory, redo and resubmit - The assignment was not completed appropriately. I am concerned that you do not understand the process well enough yet. To get credit for the assignment, you need to redo it, most probably on another topic. Read and consider my feedback very carefully before redoing.

Instructor's Overall Feedback:

Thanks for providing the ICMs. It has been very helpful for me to understand your course and unit design and to evaluate how well you have understood the instructions that prepare you for this IDA. You seem to have grasped some of the main ideas and demonstrated a few things that I’m glad to see. First, you did a good job breaking down the terminal objective. You delineated the instructional components clearly and presented them in a reasonable sequence. I also like the fact that you included supporting objectives not only in verbal information but also in attitudinal domain. You also seemed to explore Inspiration pretty well and produced the ICMs that help me to make sense of everything. But there are things that deserve your attention too: First, as you may be aware now, standard capability verbs are required when drafting objectives at all levels. In addition, they have to match the types of intellectual skills that the objectives aim at. For this IDA, all the objectives should be at the rule-using level or above (problem-solving) to make the instruction worthwhile. Therefore, several of your unit objectives and lesson objectives needs to be revised based on this principle. [Note from Greg: It is ok to have *lesson* objectives that are at concept level instead of rule-using or problem-solving. But course and unit objectives really should be one of these two higher levels.] For unit 1, the objective states “SWBAT match each of their personal or work experiences to each interview question asked. They will be able to listen to the question, identify the skill the question is referring to, and use the appropriately matching personal or work experience to respond to the question”. First of all, I'm afraid the statement is way too long for a unit objective. Second, the verb “match” indicates a verbal information level intellectual skill, which shouldn’t be the focus of your instructional unit. The other verbs used in the second sentence are very specific but not standard in terms of the kind of verbs we’re looking for in an instructional design project. So please consider rewording this objective using the learned capability verbs and state the meaning in a concise way. How about something like “SWBAT demonstrate correctly matching personal or work experiences with interview questions”? For unit 3, the two things following “SWBAT generate responses to mock interview questions” indicate the specific strategies that can be used to demonstrate the expected learner behavior. This is acceptable but not necessary/required. For your lesson objectives, the same suggestion applies--it’s recommended to restate the objectives with the standard capability verbs. The expression of “SWBAT generate a description of the context (their specific actions, the results of their own actions…) will be adequate in this respect. Second, as part of the unit design portion of your IDA, the supporting objectives in both verbal information and attitudinal domains should be connected to one of the lesson objectives or the unit objective you listed in the unit design. It is incorrect to connect this attitudinal objective with the overall course objective without also connecting it to the unit or lesson objective as you did in the course ICM. On the other hand, the verbal information supporting objective of “Students will summarize the results of their specific actions in each of their experiences” should be related to the lesson 3 objective instead of replacing the lesson 3 objective in your course ICM. Last, let’s look at several issues in your ICMs: ----Course ICM---- 1) The course ICM should include the course title, the overall terminal objective, and enabling unit objectives with an appropriate representation of instructional sequence. However, you course ICM looks more like a unit ICM. For a course ICM, you only need to keep the objective boxes on the left of the page. Please leave out the entry behaviors (those are for the unit ICM) and supporting objectives (both attitudinal and verbal on the right side of the page). 2) It is correct that the entry behaviors should point to the lesson objective at the bottom of the map. But that doesn’t mean that each entry behavior needs to point in that direction separately. Please refer to Dr. Rieber’s unit ICM example for the standard way to demonstrate the relationship. 3) The three objectives that enable (subordinate) unit 3 objective appear to be lesson level objectives but are represented in the way that supporting objectives are supposed to be presented. [Note from Greg: These look to me like supporting verbal information items, and as such they don't belong in the course ICM. They can support lesson objectives in the unit ICM, as Ying points out below.] ---Unit ICM---- 1) Because the type of details that should be included in the unit ICM were actually include in your course ICM (probably due to misunderstanding), your unit ICM lacks the supporting objectives and entry behaviors. 2) Another big issue is that the enabling lessons should focus on intellectual skills at the rule-using and problem-solving level (indicated by the learned capability verb “demonstrate” and “generate”). The three objectives as you listed use “list” as the key verb, which indicate an intellectual skill of verbal information level (you also indicated this in the ICM). However, this level of skills are not worthy of the instruction you are designing for this IDA. Please bear in mind that objectives in the verbal information domain (and attitudinal domain) are good enough to serve as supporting objectives for a lesson objective, but they themselves are not qualified as lesson objectives. Additionally, a comparison of your IDA and your unit ICM shows that the lesson objectives you included in the unit ICM are not the same as those in your unit design IDA. They were actually the supporting objectives in verbal information domain. I guess there’s some confusion about what a unit ICM should include here too. 3) The second and third boxes at the lesson objective level contain the same objective. Please double check the ICMs, the IDA, and the congruency between the two next time. That’s all my comments on your IDA. An overall suggestion is to review the intellectual skills hierarchy, the corresponding standard capability verbs, and Dr. Rieber’s ICM examples before moving forward with your instructional design project. Thank you for your effort! Ying [Note from Greg: I approve of Ying's feedback, along with the couple of notes I have added.]

 


This activity builds on the needs assessment IDA. This IDA is divided into two parts. First, you will design a rough outline of a course. In this context, "course" is defined as an instructional entity, which has both a recognizable start and finish point, and has an organized set of content. It is the most general instructional solution to a problem identified in needs assessment. Second, you will choose one of the units from your course design and design a rough outline of that unit (of course, in the 'real world', you would do this for all of your units). The activity is designed to give you hands-on practice with course- and unit-level task analysis.


1. Click here to read background information about this assignment.


Preliminary: Reviewing Goals Resulting from Needs Assessment

2. Restate the instructional goal(s) from IDA#1, or change topics and write new goals:

Your rewritten goal needs to pass two tests.

Test One - Is the goal too fuzzy or not instructional?

According to Dick, Carey, and Carey (2001, p. 25), an "instructional goal is 1) a clear, general statement of learner outcomes, (2) related to an identified problem and needs assessment, and (3) achievable through instruction ..."

For example, the following goals are too fuzzy:

  • "The Department of Instructional Technology will create a course to teach instructional design." This goal does not state the learning outcomes, that is, what the learners will be able to do after taking the course.
  • "Students will know how to do instructional design." Both the verb "know" and the phrase "instructional design" are too vague.

The following goal is not instructional in nature:

  • "The College of Education needs to hire more instructional design faculty." The problem is one of allocating more personnel resources.

Test two - Is the learning outcome of the instructional goal an intellectual skill at the level of a rule or problem solving?

Based on Gagne's types of learning outcomes (refer to Dick, Carey, & Carey, p. 38-41), ask yourself if your goal is in the intellectual skills domain at level of rules or problem-solving. If it is not, then you need to couch it in a more general context and restate your goal so that it is. For example, a goal of "being able to design a web page" is too narrow and should be couched in the context of "being able to design a web site". Designing a web page is best seen as a "unit" in a course about how to design a web site.

It may be helpful to also give your goal a short descriptive title.

Example

Title: Designing systematic instruction

Goal: Students will be able to generate an instructional design project by conducting all appropriate procedures for macro- and micro-instructional design.

Write your course title (optional) and instructional goal here:

Your response:

Title: Effective Interview Strategies SWBAT demonstrate appropriate strategies for responding to job interview questions by using relevant personal and work experiences in every response.

Part 1: Course-Level Design

As you complete your course design, take note that a well-written instructional goal can also be considered as the terminal objective for the course. (We will better define a "terminal objective" later in the course. As you will see later in this course, writing a good objective is a skill unto itself!)


3. Identify the units.

Based on the instructional goal(s) and learning outcomes, conduct a goal analysis (also known as a task analysis) as described by Dick, Carey, and Carey in Chapter 3. You are now beginning to break down what the learner needs to know in order to achieve the instructional goal. Identify the mental and/or physical steps that someone must go through in order to complete the learning task.

Identify the 3-4 most critical units of the course and state the objectives. These should also generally be limited to intellectual skills learning outcomes such as problem solving and relational rules. For some cases, there may be a need for an attitude learning outcome. (Note: the number of units will depend on your instructional problem and design. If you have more than 4, just include the 4 most critical here). Write the unit title and objectives below.

A. Unit 1 objective

Example

Title: Performing a needs analysis

Obj: Learners will design and conduct (generate) an appropriate needs analysis.

Your response:

Title: Identifying transferrable skills and experiences Obj: SWBAT generate at least 5 personal or work experiences in which they’ve demonstrated skills that can be transferred to a work setting.

B. Unit 2 objective

Example

Title: Identifying instructional goals

Obj: Learners will generate 3-5 instructional goals based on data gathered through needs analysis.

Your response:

Title: Matching experiences to the question that is asked Obj: SWBAT match each of their personal or work experiences to each interview question asked. They will be able to listen to the question, identify the skill the question is referring to, and use the appropriately matching personal or work experience to respond to the question.

C. Unit 3 objective

Example

Title: Performing a task analysis

Obj: Learners will generate the sequence of tasks for achieving their instructional goal using the principle of learning hierarchies.

Your response:

Title: Using the S/TAR technique to structure responses. Obj: SWBAT generate responses to mock interview questions: a) using each of the 5 personal experiences b) using the S/TAR technique – telling the situation, the action, and the result of their actions in their responses 100% of the time.

D. Unit 4 objective

Your response:

As you finish this step, take note that these unit objectives can be considered as enabling objectives for the course. That is, accomplishing these objectives enable the person to accomplish the course's terminal objective.


4. Draw an Instructional Curriculum Map (ICM)

An ICM visually represents the optimal sequence of these objectives. (Just think of it as a flowchart.) Draw the ICM in "top-down" fashion with the terminal objective (i.e. course objective) at the top. Instructional events are designed top-down, though learners will ultimately experience the instruction bottom-up. If there is room in your ICM, include the full objectives, otherwise, just include the title. Click here for an example (generated with Inspiration).

Although doing this step is required, actually submitting it here is optional because of the technical requirements of converting an image to either the GIF or JPEG file format and uploading it to a web server. (Inspiration gives the option to save as both gif and jpeg.)

If you are able to do this, enter the URL (web address) of the image file here:

http://

Your response:

Click here to see the Course ICM (opens as a Word doc).

If you are able to convert the flowchart to a GIF or JPEG, but you do not know how to upload it to a server, you can email it to your instructor as an attachment with the request that it be uploaded it for you. If you do this, please name your file according to this convention: "yourLastName-course-icm.gif".

Part 2: Unit-Level Design

The purpose of this step is for you to expand one of the objectives that you identified above in your course design. As you work through this second part of this IDA, you will begin to notice that you will be repeating the same steps above, but with one of the unit objectives. The only difference is that your design will be more specific and less general than that of your course design. You will again implement a hierarchical process by analyzing the task at different levels.

Click here to view Lloyd Rieber's instructional curriculum map (ICM) on one of the units in his Dreamweaver course example.

1. Restate one of the unit (enabling) objectives or goals you identified in your course design.

This objective will become the terminal objective for your unit. Compare the use of the terms "terminal" and "enabling" here to how they were used above for the course design. These terms are relative to the ICM on which you are working. An enabling objective in your course ICM becomes the terminal objective in a unit ICM. Then, an enabling objective in your unit ICM becomes your terminal objective in a lesson ICM.

(Note: I interchange goal and objectives here because you may realize after further analysis that your objective identified in your course ICM was not clear or appropriate, which means that it is really a goal. After completing this IDA, you may need to rewrite your terminal objective for this unit.)

Example

Title: Designing systematic instruction

Unit Objective: Learners will design and conduct (generate) an appropriate needs analysis.

Write your unit title (optional) and instructional objective here:

Your response:

Title: Using the S/TAR technique to structure responses. Obj: SWBAT generate responses to mock interview questions: a) using each of the 5 personal experiences b) using the S/TAR technique – telling the situation, the action, and the result of their actions in their responses 100% of the time.

Be sure to include in your objective the learned capability verb that corresponds to one of Gagne's learning domains: Problem-solving (generate); Rule-using (demonstrate); concept (classify, identify); verbal information (state, recite, summarize); attitudinal (choose); psychomotor (execute).


2. Identify the intellectual skill objectives for the lessons in the unit.

Based on the instructional goal(s) and learning outcomes, conduct an subordinate skills analysis as described by Dick, Carey, and Carey in chapter 4. You are now beginning to breakdown what the learner needs to know in order to achieve the instructional goal. Each objective you generate can roughly be considered a lesson objective (as we will discuss in class, some lessons may have more than one objective; but there is no sense risking confusion on this point now.)

Identify the 3-5 most critical parts of the unit (referred to as "lessons"). These should generally be limited to intellectual skills learning outcomes such as problem solving and relational rules. For some cases, there may be a need for an attitude learning outcome. (Note: the number of lessons will depend on your instructional problem and design. Add or eliminate lessons as you deem necessary). Write the lesson/enabling objectives below.

A. Lesson1

Example

Title: Describing the learning context

Obj: Learners will classify the learning context using physical, social, and organizational characteristics.

Your response:

Title: What was the context? Obj: SWBAT describe the context (or situation) of each of their personal or work experiences.

B. Lesson 2

Example

Title: Identifying symptoms of the problem

Obj: Learners will identify symptoms of an instructional problem with accompanying evidence and reasoning.

Your response:

Title: How did you respond? Obj: SWBAT describe their specific actions in each of their personal or work experiences.

C. Lesson 3

Example

Title: Identifying data to verify problem

Obj: Learners will identify the types of data needed to verify problem.

Your response:

Title: What were the consequences? Obj: SWBAT describe the results or consequences of their own actions in each of their personal or work experiences.


3. Identify supporting objectives from the verbal information and attitudinal domains.

Identify these objectives using verbs such as "state, list, or summarize" for verbal information objectives and "choose" for attitudinal objectives. (If you have more than 2, just list those 2 that best represent these other objectives. Be sure to include these objectives on your visual ICM to indicate which intellectual skills they support.)

Write two supporting objectives here:

Your response:

VI - Students will summarize the results of their specific actions in each of ther experiences A - SWBAT choose to demonstrate appropriate interview strategies in each job interview


4. Identify entry behaviors (also known as prerequisite skills).

Entry behaviors are those skills and knowledge that you expect your students to have as they begin this unit. That is, you do not intend to teach these. Although you will undoubtedly have many objectives denoting entry behaviors, just list one example below (but be sure to include all entry behaviors on your instructional curriculum map).

Your response:

Identify what constitutes relevant work expereince Identify what constitutes relevant personal experience Identify or efine "skill"

5. Draw an Instructional Curriculum Map (ICM) for the Unit

An ICM visually represents the optimal sequence of these objectives. (Just think of it as a flowchart.) Draw the ICM in "top-down" fashion with the terminal objective (i.e. unit objective) at the top. Instructional events are designed top-down, though learners will ultimately experience the instruction bottom-up. If there is room in your ICM, include the full objectives, otherwise, just include the title. Entry behaviors should be drawn at the very bottom with a dotted line separating these from the other objectives just above. Click here for an example (generated with Inspiration).

Although doing this step is required, actually submitting it here is optional because of the technical requirements of converting an image to either the GIF or JPEG file format and uploading it to a web server. (Inspiration gives the option to save as both gif and jpeg.)

If you are able to do this, enter the URL (web address) of the image file in the field below.

If you are able to convert the flowchart to a GIF or JPEG, but you do not know how to upload it to a server, you can email it to Lloyd Rieber as an attachment and he will upload it for you (and he will enter the URL here for you). If you do this, please name your file according to this convention: "yourLastName-unit-icm.gif".

http://

Your response:

Click here to see the Unit ICM.